tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65040489614227013112024-02-20T15:24:46.780+02:00research.karrin.netThis is the research blog of Karri Huhtanen concentrating on Building Community Networks, Internet Communities and Interconnecting Services. In other words trying to figure out Web >=2.0 and community services; what exactly they are, how they work and how to build successful ones?Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-6639137379247687452010-09-08T19:26:00.000+03:002010-09-08T19:26:27.951+03:00Building Funet WLAN Roaming, eduroam Finland and Wireless TampereThis one was a short presentation of the RADIUS based roaming research and project started or based on the research originally done in <a href="http://www.tut.fi/tlt/">the department of communications engineering</a> at <a href="http://www.tut.fi/">Tampere University of Technology</a>. It also contains a short introduction to what direction RADIUS based WiFi roaming architectures might develop in the future.<br />
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Here is the presentation at <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/">Slideshare</a>:<br />
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<div style="width:425px" id="__ss_5156594"><strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/khuhtanen/building-roaminginfinland" title="Building roaming-in-finland">Building roaming-in-finland</a></strong><object id="__sse5156594" width="425" height="355"><param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=building-roaming-in-finland-100908112335-phpapp01&stripped_title=building-roaminginfinland" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><embed name="__sse5156594" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=building-roaming-in-finland-100908112335-phpapp01&stripped_title=building-roaminginfinland" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"></embed></object><div style="padding:5px 0 12px">View more <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/">presentations</a> from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/khuhtanen">khuhtanen</a>.</div></div>Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-81097057560272197732010-07-15T10:00:00.000+03:002010-07-15T10:00:15.744+03:00The future of Internet -- combining ideasIn the radio interview this week I was also asked that what is the Future Internet, what are the next new big thing there and in a way I was not able to answer the question because there is no a single answer. Instead I told that the next big things, the next innovations in the Internet will come from combining ideas and technologies as well as applying something already researched and existing technologies in a new way. In general it is very much like in this nice TED presentation, the future progress and the future Internet will be about combining and connecting different things to great services and products which exceed the capabilities of just single technology.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/matt_ridley_when_ideas_have_sex.html">Matt Ridley: When ideas have sex | Video on TED.com</a>Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-29428481217730771992010-07-13T01:35:00.000+03:002010-07-13T01:35:36.743+03:00Ajatuksia 1Mbps laajakaistan yleispalveluvelvoitteestaTiistaiaamuna 13.5.2010 menen kommentoimaan TTY:n tietoliikennetekniikan laitoksen edustajana Ylen Tampereen Radioon 1Mbps laajakaistan yleispalveluvelvoitetta ja ajattelin tässä ennen keskustelua kerätä hieman lisätietoja ja ajatuksia haastattelua varten myös tänne blogiin. Tarkoitus kun olisi keskustelussa arvioida, mitä 1Mbps laajakaistan palveluvelvoite tarkoittaa teknisesti, taloudellisesti ja yhteiskunnallisesti.<br />
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Itse asian taustallahan on <a href="http://www.mintc.fi/web/fi/uutinen/view/1084125">viestintämarkkinalain muutos, jossa yleispalveluun kuuluvan Internet-yhteyden nopeutta kasvatettiin entisestä 30-50kbit/s nykyiseen 1Mbit/s</a>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että 1Mbit/s Internet-yhteys pitää olla saatavilla Suomessa kuluttaja- tai yritysasiakkaalle jokaiseen vakituiseen asuin- ja sijaintipaikkaan kohtuullisella hinnalla ja kohtuullisella toimitusajalla. Varmistaakseen, että näin myös tapahtuu, <a href="http://www.ficora.fi/index/saadokset/tulkinnat/internet-yhteyspalveluitakoskevatyleispalveulupaatokset.html">Viestintävirasto on nimennyt 26 teleyritystä internet-yhteyspalvelujen tarjontaan velvollisiksi yleispalveluyrityksiksi eri alueilla</a>. Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että toimilupaansa vastaan on tälläisen teleyrityksen pystyttävä tarjoamaan yleispalvelualueellaan 1 Mbps yhteys kaikkialla 1.7.2010 lähtien. <br />
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Tekniikkaa 1Mbps laajakaistayhteyden toteuttamiseen ei ole rajattu vaan se voi olla mikä tahansa, jolla pystytään toimittamaan loppuasiakkaalle luotettava yhteys, jonka nopeus on 750 kbit/s 24 tunnin mittausjakson aikana ja 500 kbit/s minkä tahansa 4 tunnin mittausjakson aikana. Yhteys voi siis olla langallinen tai langaton, kunhan ehdot muuten toteutuvat. Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että yleispalveluvelvoitteen alainen teleyritys joutuu huolehtimaan siitä, että sillä on riittävästi kapasiteettia ja kattavuutta omassa laajakaistaverkossaan palvelun toteuttamiseksi alueen kaikille asiakkaille. <br />
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Tälläinen tarkoittaa palveluntarjoajalle investointeja verkon rakentamiseen myös alueilla, jossa sitä ei ole aikaisemmin ehkä nähty kaupallisesti kannattavaksi. Osa teleyrityksistä onkin jo tästä syystä kommentoinut, että tietyissä tilanteissa ne aikovat siirtää yhteyksien rakentamisen kustannukset loppuasiakkaan vastuulle. Hintalappua kuitenkin rajaa viestintämarkkinalaissa määritelty kohta kohtuullisista kustannuksista. Kohtuullisia kustannuksia ei ole erikseen vielä määritelty vaan niiden valvonta jää Viestintäviraston tehtäväksi. Yleispalveluvelvoitteen alaisilla teleyrityksillä on myös oikeus vaatia taannehtivasti korvauksia kohtuuttomista kustannuksista yleispalveluvelvoitteen täyttämiseksi valtiolta (<a href="http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2003/20030393">viestintämarkkinalain</a> 60 c §). Näiden kustannusten kohtuuttomuuden arvioi Viestintävirasto ja lopullisen päätöksen korvauksista tekee liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö. Näin 1Mbps yleispalveluvelvoitteen kustannukset siirtyvät kaikkien laajakaista-asiakkaiden ja/tai veronmaksajien maksettavaksi liittymämaksujen tai verotuksen muodossa.<br />
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Kustannuksista huolimatta yleispalveluvelvoitteen mukaisen laajakaistayhteyden nopeuden nosto sekä teleyritysten nimeäminen yleispalveluvelvoitteiden alaiseksi on tietoyhteiskunnan kannalta olennainen asia. <br />
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Ensinnäkin se pakottaa palveluntarjoajat huolehtimaan siitä, että kapasiteettia oikeasti löytyy yleispalveluvelvoitteiden täyttämiseen, mikä parantaa verkkojen nopeuksia ja suorituskykyä myös haja-asutusalueilla, eikä vain siellä, missä teleyritysten tarjontaa jo asiakasmassan takia on entisestään. Koska esim. 3G-verkkojen kattavuuden ja kapasiteetin laajentaminen saattaa palveluntarjoajalle tulla edullisemmaksi kuin kuparin ja kuidun toimittaminen tai verkon vuokraaminen muulta verkkopalveluntarjoajalta, matkapuhelinverkkojen kapasiteetti ja kunnollisten 3G-yhteyksien saatavuus paranee myös alueilla, joissa asiakastiheys on pienempi. <br />
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Toiseksi suurin osa tietoyhteiskunnan nykyisistä ja tulevista palveluista pohjautuu siihen, että niitä käytetään Internetin yli WWW-selaimella. Nyt määritelty 1Mbps laajakaistan yleispalveluvelvoite varmistaa, että tälläisen palveluiden käyttöön riittävän nopean yhteyden on oltava käytännössä jokaisen kotimaassa asuvan suomalaisen saatavilla kohtuullisin kustannuksin. Aikaisemmin osa palveluista ei yhteyksien huonoudesta ja kapasiteetin puutteesta ollut käytettäviä. Esimerkiksi joidenkin pankkien Java-pohjaisia kirjautumis- ja maksujärjestelmiä ei 2G-yhteyksien kautta pystynyt käyttämään liian pitkien viiveiden vuoksi.<br />
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Yleispalveluvelvoite siis takaa, että Internet-yhteyksien saatavuus ja kapasiteetin kehitys ei keskity pelkästään teleyrityksiä kaupallisesti houkutteleviin kohteisiin vaan, että 1Mbps Internet-yhteys on saatavilla jokaiselle huolimatta vakituisen asuinpaikan sijainnista.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-36958179325470882712010-01-28T11:40:00.003+02:002010-01-28T11:54:58.831+02:00Building the Future Internet TestbedIt has been a while since I posted to this blog and I probably have to write a catch-up of the few things I have researched and done in the mean time. Most of my time has been spent in my own company <a href="http://www.archred.com/">Arch Red</a> doing marketing, sales, contracts, negotiations and occasionally also tech stuff (if I have been lucky). <br /><br />But luckily I have managed also to drive things forward on the research side also. Maybe the most notable accomplishment from last year is the work done for <a href="http://www.futureinternet.fi/">ICT SHOK Future Internet</a>. Together with <a href="http://www.csc.fi/">CSC</a> we have managed to define <a href="http://www.futureinternet.fi/publications/ict-shok-fi-testbed-architecture-2009-12-23.pdf">an architecture and a concept for Future Internet Testbed</a> even if the research partners in this <a href="http://www.tekes.fi/">Tekes</a> programme are still researching figuring out what technologies the Future Internet might contain. <br /><br />We have managed to define the Future Internet testbed architecture and concept so that it can embrace, combine and connect both existing and new technologies in a consistent way with clearly defined procedures. It is possible to use the testbed as a marketing channel for letting others know what kind of service you are developing or use it to cover the kind of services and network access, which you may need for your research, but are unable to provide and build by your own because of resources, time or because building and maintaining overlapping infrastructure is just plainly unnecessary.<br /><br />The ICT SHOK Future Internet is all about connectivity and cooperation on multiple levels -- just like the Internet has been and will be also in the Future.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-78178265381546200482008-11-28T11:50:00.003+02:002008-11-28T12:01:26.610+02:00Nokia announces an open smart home platform<a href="http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1273474">Nokia announced an open smart home platform yesterday</a>. What makes this move interesting to me is not so much the home automation stuff (although that is also interesting development), but the fact that the platform is basically <a href="http://smarthomepartnering.com/cms/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=3">an open Linux-based WiFi (801.11n) router platform</a>. <br /><br />If Nokia manages to keep this platform as open as the <a href="http://www.maemo.org/">Maemo platform</a>, it enables <a href="http://smarthomepartnering.com/cms/">developers and third parties to participate very efficiently into innovating new services for home environment</a>. <br /><br />I also find the business aspects and opportunities of this move interesting. Although Nokia does not mention it anywhere, this kind of home gateway devices would extend the Nokia's possible service platforms straight to homes of the consumers and since the device already has WiFi capability, could this also be a move in the future to offload mobile Internet traffic to broadband connections instead of cellular networks? This remains to be seen, but it is interesting anyway.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-52924949311625520132008-08-05T15:09:00.005+03:002009-10-02T14:03:08.794+03:00Pervasive Networks and Connectivity research report now availableThe seminar reports of <a href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/kurssit/TLT-2656/">Special Topics in Networking Spring 2008</a> seminar are now available as a research report from Tampere University of Technology Department of Communications Engineering. The research report can be found in digital form from: <a href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/~bilhanan/TLT2656_2008-Final.pdf">http://www.cs.tut.fi/~bilhanan/TLT2656_2008-Final.pdf</a>Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-37589418084496684422008-05-21T13:41:00.006+03:002008-05-21T14:02:29.593+03:00Presentation today (21st of May) in TERENA 2008 Networking ConferenceAs a part of my PhD studies and community networks related research I keep a presentation at <a href="http://tnc2008.terena.org/">Terena 2008 Networking Conference</a> in <a href="http://tnc2008.terena.org/schedule/sessions/show.php?sess_id=29">7B - Who is there? - eduroam session</a>. The session is streamed to the network at 17:00-18:30 Finnish time (UTC+3) and can be watched in real time <a href="http://tnc2008.terena.org/schedule/sessions/show.php?sess_id=29">here</a>. The topic of my presentation is: <a href="http://tnc2008.terena.org/schedule/presentations/show.php?pres_id=66">Utilising eduroam in building wireless community networks</a>. The presentation will be archived and will be available also later in case you absolutely do not want to miss it. :)Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-64391789574594541862008-04-08T11:59:00.003+03:002008-04-08T12:09:06.615+03:00The Importance of Social Networks in War and PeaceFound this <a href="http://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/15-12/ff_futurewar">Wired article about United States military experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq</a> originally in <a href="http://www.schneier.com/blog/">Bruce Schneier's Blog</a>. The original topic was <span style="font-style: italic;">How Technology Almost Lost the War: In Iraq, the Critical Networks Are Social — Not Electronic</span> and the article concentrated on the importance of social networks as a strategical asset in wars or peacekeeping missions, which require extended presence.<br /><br />One might argue also that the same kind of approach would be also very useful when building joint ventures and outsourcing globally. There has to be social networks and cultural understanding in the company to be able to fully utilise the advantages of going global.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-80321719752724573112008-03-21T21:29:00.003+02:002008-03-21T21:38:40.732+02:00Community Networks presentation on 14th of March 2008 at TUTIn the presentation for <a href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/kurssit/TLT-2656/">Special Topics in Networking</a> course at TUT I tried to categorise the various community network models based on their business and development model and present the issues concerning them. The presentation is available here:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.archred.com/presentations/karri-huhtanen-community-networks.pdf">Karri Huhtanen: Community Networks</a><br /><br />As a part of the course, I will also do a short study about community networks, but that report will be releases significantly later this year... perhaps in May.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-6866464795782781032008-02-06T09:48:00.000+02:002008-02-06T09:50:50.628+02:00Special Topics in Networking postgraduate course starting at TUT on Friday 8th February 2008<span style="font-weight: bold;">TLT-2656 Special Topics in Networking (3-4 cr) </span><br /><br />Kickoff: Friday 8.2.2008 14:00 at TB216 at Tampere University of Technology<br /><br /><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/kurssit/TLT-2656/">http://www.cs.tut.fi/kurssit/TLT-2656/</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Course Content</span><br /><br />With the emergence of environments rich with wireless networks, mobile users and portable but computationally powerful devices, this course addresses current issues in pervasive networking and connectivity. The aim of the course is to contain seminar topics discussing various aspects in this area with respect to the emerging technologies, standards, infrastructure, user interactions as well as business models.<br /><br />Areas of interest lie in the following categories:<br /><br /> * Network Technologies for Metropolitan, Community and Home Wireless Networks<br /> * Approaches to Reachability using Tunnelling and Overlay Networks<br /> * Content Delivery and Peer-to-Peer Networks<br /> * Seamless Handovers and Network Mobility Protocols<br /> * Vehicular Communication Technologies<br /> * Intermittent Connectivity and Delay-Tolerant Networks<br /> * Naming and Service Discovery<br /> * Positioning and Geolocation Protocols<br /> * Aspects of Virtual Community and Social Networking<br /> * Pervasive networks using Ad-hoc and Personal Area Networks<br /> * Connectivity in Challenging Environments<br /> * Security and Privacy<br /> * User-centric Studies in Pervasive networks<br /> * Roles and Revenue models for Businesses and Operators<br /><br />Specific topics in the above areas would be provided when the course begins. Depending on popularity, students' interests and ability, some topics can be subdivided to address more specific issues.<br /><br />Students are also encouraged to propose their own topics, especially if they are researching/working in a related area.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-63869628351110398432007-11-15T15:58:00.001+02:002007-11-15T17:05:40.063+02:00Shortcuts - an open source framework for mobile community creationThis idea was developed during autumn 2006 when I started to look into all these community networks and services as a subject of my postgraduate studies.<br /><br />I noticed then that most of these new Web 2.0 services concentrated in developing a community around some specific use case and not so much on creating a platform, on which one could build different kind of communities and especially the kind of communities, which would work <span style="font-weight: bold;">both online and offline mode</span>. When mobile terminals are considered, a continuous Internet connectivity, required by many services, is not feasible because of the mobile data and battery costs. Instead <span style="font-weight: bold;">a mobile-friendly community software or service should concentrate more on synchronising the content with intermittent connections and storing the wanted community data also on the mobiled devices, where it is accessible, even if Internet is not</span>.<br /><br />The existing communities also do not provide their internal frameworks as open source as they want to protect this their most valuable asset. They also concentrate more on growing and developing their own community instead of cooperating or connecting with other communities. <a href="http://code.google.com/apis/opensocial/">Google's OpenSocial framework</a> is refreshing change in all this, but it might be, that it is because of Google does not have a leading community service, so it has to look more into interfacing and interconnecting with existing communities.<br /><br />In my opinion Google is, however, on the right track in this, but even they have not (at least yet) announced synchronising open source framework for building mobile friendly community services. They have however a lot of interesting technologies like <a href="http://gears.google.com/">Google Gears</a> and already mentioned OpenSocial framework, which could possibly be utilised in creating the concept I am presenting here, so I guess I will be looking into also them in the near future.<br /><br />As a solution to the presented issues I am proposing is <span style="font-weight: bold;">the development of SHORTCUTS concept</span>, which is described briefly here:<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">SHORTCUTS is a Community Concept (application, framework and </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">architecture) designed for Mobile Terminals.</span><br /><ul><li>an application in the sense that the basic functionality can be utilised to build communities, share and control the sharing of information between them </li><li>a framework in the sense that the application will be designed to be extended andused also through a defined open API from other terminal software </li><li>an architecture in the sense that SHORTCUTS is capable of functioning both in off-line and on-line modes as well as with the help of centralised servers or completely in the peer-to-peer mode. </li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">SHORTCUTS makes it possible</span><br /><ul><li>for corporate and private mobile users to build both nomadic and infrastructure supported communities and share all kinds of information securely between them </li><li>for service providers to offer centralised both advertisement/advertiser revenue and subscription based community services for users </li><li>advertisers to focus their advertisements to the certain communities and interest groups </li><li>terminal and platform software developers to utilise community API to make their software community aware and capable of utilising community based access control and distribution of information</li><li>Web 2.0 service providers to add offline and mobile terminal to their serviceswithout having to change the existing service</li></ul>And with a more <a href="http://www.cs.tut.fi/%7Ekarrih/shortcuts-update-2007-06-11.pdf">detailed description and presentation of Shortcuts concept available also here</a>.<br /><br />I personally, and we at the <a href="http://www.tut.fi/">Tampere University of Technology</a> or in <a href="http://www.archred.com/">Arch Red</a> are currently looking for developer partners and/or funding to develop the Shortcuts idea further first to a proof-of-concept implementation and then to an open source product, on which community services can be built.<br /><br />If you are interested in learning more or discussing about the concept, feel free to contact me with firstname dot surname at tut.fi or archred.com address.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-89580782037504698162007-10-15T11:46:00.000+03:002007-10-15T11:53:19.675+03:00I have a cunning plan...... to research <a href="http://iki.fi/khuhtanen/karri-huhtanen-research-plan-10.pdf">Building Community Networks, Internet Communities and Interconnecting Services</a>, which pretty much means I can quite freely explore and experiment with community networking and Internet community services and call it work or background research. Ingenious, isn't it? :)Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-71329018494806728152007-10-12T11:39:00.000+03:002007-10-13T11:48:27.031+03:00Utilising IPv6 in home networksRecently I wrote a paper for <a href="http://tnc2007.terena.org/">Terena Networking Conference 2007</a> about utilising <a href="http://www.openwrt.org/">OpenWRT</a>, <a href="http://www.openvpn.net/">OpenVPN</a> and 6to4 to bring IPv6 connectivity both to home network and for mobile terminals connected to the home network. The paper seemed good enough to be accepted into the <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/info/journals/cwis/cwis.jsp">Emerald Publishing's Campus-Wide Information Systems journal</a> and this Friday I finally received printed versions of the journal and article.<br /><br />In case you are interested in IPv6 connectivity, OpenWRT or OpenVPN, the paper should also be available here (seems to require Emerald Publishing's subscription):<br /><a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/10650740710834653">http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/10650740710834653</a><br /><br />Earlier and free versions of the presentation available here:<br /><a href="http://tnc2007.terena.org/programme/presentations/show.php?pres_id=107">http://tnc2007.terena.org/programme/presentations/show.php?pres_id=107</a><br /><br />The presentation was a part of the video archived session stored here:<br /><a href="http://tnc2007.terena.org/programme/sessions/show.php?sess_id=80">http://tnc2007.terena.org/programme/sessions/show.php?sess_id=80</a>Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-16134279941294980452007-10-11T10:15:00.000+03:002007-10-11T10:20:45.642+03:00Google Code of EducatorsThis looka interesting. Google has created <a href="http://code.google.com/edu/">pages for Computer Science educators</a> which contain tutorials and sample course content on AJAX Programming, Distributed Systems and Web Security. Have to get some time to go through these myself to get my own expertise up-to-date.Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6504048961422701311.post-90224498734191496442007-10-11T09:46:00.000+03:002007-10-11T10:00:33.362+03:00In the beginning there was a mapUnlike real explorers I already have a <a href="http://xkcd.com/256/">map of online communities</a> to follow. Welcome to join me on a quest to figure out what the Web 2.0, online and network communities all about, what makes them tick and how to build successful ones and even get some business out of it.<br /><br />This is my research blog describing, publishing and documenting the process of getting my Doctor of Technology (which by the way sounds more interesting than PhD) degree and having fun researching and inventing stuff in between.<br /><br />And now the obligatory:<br /><br />first post evah! \o/Karrihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04532042603831396986noreply@blogger.com0